Cobalt karfe ne da ake amfani da shi a yawancin batura masu motocin lantarki.Labarin shine cewa Tesla zai yi amfani da batir "marasa-cobalt", amma wane irin "albarka" shine cobalt?Zan taƙaita daga ainihin ilimin da kuke son sani.
Sunanta Ma'adinan Rikici Da Aka Samu Daga Aljani
Kun san sinadarin cobalt?Ba wai kawai yana ƙunshe a cikin batura na motocin lantarki (EVs) da wayoyi ba, har ma ana amfani da su a cikin kayan haɗin ƙarfe na cobalt mai jurewa zafi kamar injin jet da driving bits, magnet don lasifika, da kuma, abin mamaki, tace mai.Cobalt ana kiransa da sunan "Kobold," wani dodo da ke fitowa akai-akai a cikin almara na kimiyyar gidan kurkuku, kuma an yi imani da shi a cikin tsakiyar Turai cewa sun jefa sihiri a kan ma'adinai don ƙirƙirar ƙarfe mai wahala da guba.haka ne.
Yanzu, ko akwai dodanni a cikin ma'adinan ko a'a, cobalt yana da guba kuma yana iya haifar da mummunar haɗari na lafiya kamar ciwon huhu idan ba ka sa kayan kariya na sirri ba.Kuma duk da cewa Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango tana samar da fiye da rabin cobalt na duniya, wani karamin ma'adinan (Artisanal mine) inda talakawa marasa aikin yi ke tona ramuka da kayan aiki masu sauki ba tare da wani horo na tsaro ba.), Hadarin da ke faruwa akai-akai, ana tilasta wa yara yin aiki na dogon lokaci tare da ƙarancin albashi na kusan yen 200 a rana, har ma Amatsu tushen kuɗi ne ga ƙungiyoyi masu ɗauke da makamai, don haka cobalt yana tare da zinare, tungsten, tin, da sauransu. tantalum., Ya zo ana kiransa ma'adinan rikici.
Duk da haka, tare da yaduwar EVs da batir lithium-ion, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kamfanoni na duniya sun fara binciken ko cobalt da aka samar ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ciki har da sarkar samar da cobalt oxide da cobalt hydroxide, ana amfani da su.
Misali, kattafan batir CATL da LG Chem suna shiga cikin shirin "Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI)" da kasar Sin ke jagoranta, da farko suna kokarin kawar da ayyukan yara.
A cikin 2018, an kafa Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA), ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta gaskiya ta cobalt, a matsayin yunƙuri don inganta gaskiya da halaccin tsarin hakar ma'adinan cobalt.Mahalarta taron sun hada da Tesla, wanda ke cin batir lithium-ion, Sono Motors na EV na Jamus, Glencore mai albarkatun Switzerland, da Huayu Cobalt na China.
Duban Japan, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., wanda ke siyar da ingantattun kayan lantarki don batir lithium-ion zuwa Panasonic, ya kafa "Manufar Kula da Siyayyar Kayan Kayan Kayan Kaya" a cikin Agusta 2020 kuma ta fara himma da sa ido.kasa.
A nan gaba, yayin da manyan kamfanoni za su kaddamar da ayyukan hakar ma’adinai da aka sarrafa yadda ya kamata, daya bayan daya, ma’aikata za su rika yin kasada da nutsewa cikin kananan ma’adanai, kuma bukatar za ta ragu sannu a hankali.
Babu shakka rashin cobalt
A halin yanzu, adadin motocin EV ba su da yawa, jimlar miliyan 7 kawai, ciki har da miliyan 2.1 da aka sayar a duniya a cikin 2019. A daya hannun kuma, adadin motocin injin a duniya an ce biliyan 1 ko biliyan 1.3. kuma idan an soke motocin mai kuma aka maye gurbinsu da EVs a nan gaba, za a buƙaci adadi mai yawa na cobalt cobalt oxide da cobalt hydroxide.
Jimlar adadin cobalt da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin batir EV a cikin 2019 ya kasance tan 19,000, wanda ke nufin ana buƙatar matsakaicin kilogiram 9 na cobalt kowace abin hawa.Yin EV biliyan 1 tare da kilogiram 9 kowanne yana buƙatar ton miliyan 9 na cobalt, amma jimillar ajiyar duniya ta kasance tan miliyan 7.1 kawai, kuma kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon, ton 100,000 a wasu masana'antu kowace shekara.Tun da yake ƙarfe ne da ake amfani da shi sosai, a bayyane yake ya ƙare kamar yadda yake.
Ana sa ran tallace-tallace na EV ya ninka sau goma a cikin 2025, tare da buƙatar tan 250,000 na shekara-shekara, gami da batura a cikin mota, gami na musamman da sauran amfani.Ko da bukatar EV ta daidaita, zai ƙare daga duk abubuwan da aka sani a halin yanzu a cikin shekaru 30.
Dangane da wannan batu, masu haɓaka batir suna aiki tuƙuru dare da rana kan yadda za a rage adadin cobalt.Misali, batirin NMC da ke amfani da nickel, manganese, da cobalt ana inganta su ta NMC111 (nickel, manganese, da cobalt sune 1: 1. An rage adadin cobalt a hankali daga 1: 1) zuwa NMC532 da NMC811, da NMC9. 5.5 (rabo cobalt shine 0.5) a halin yanzu ana ci gaba.
NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminum) da Tesla ke amfani da ita ya rage abun ciki na cobalt zuwa 3%, amma Model 3 da aka samar a kasar Sin yana amfani da batirin lithium iron phosphate ba tare da cobalt ba (LFP).Akwai kuma maki da aka karbe.Kodayake LFP yana ƙasa da NCA dangane da aiki, yana da fasalulluka na kayan arha, ingantaccen wadata, da tsawon rai.
Kuma a "Ranar Batirin Tesla" wanda aka shirya daga 6:30 na safe ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2020 a lokacin China, za a sanar da sabon batir mara amfani da cobalt, kuma zai fara samar da tarin yawa tare da Panasonic a cikin 'yan shekaru.Ana sa ran.
Af, a Japan, "ƙarfe-ƙarfe" da "ƙasassun da ba a sani ba" sau da yawa suna rikicewa.Ana amfani da karafa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba a masana'antu saboda "tsaro da kwanciyar hankali yana da mahimmanci ta fuskar siyasa tsakanin karafa da yawa a doron kasa ba kasafai ko wahalar hakowa ba saboda dalilai na fasaha da tattalin arziki (Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki da Masana'antu)".Karfe ne da ba na ƙarfe ba wanda galibi ana amfani da shi, kuma jumla ce ta gabaɗaya don nau'ikan 31 da suka haɗa da lithium, titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, platinum, da ƙasa marasa ƙarfi.Daga cikin waɗannan, ana kiran ƙasa da ba kasafai ake kiran ƙasa ba, kuma an ayyana nau'ikan nau'ikan 17 kamar neodymium da dysprosium da ake amfani da su don maganadisu na dindindin.
A bayan rashin albarkatun cobalt, cobalt karfe sheet & foda, da cobalt mahadi irin su cobaltous chloride ko da hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride ba shi da wadata.
Hutu mai alhakin cobalt
Yayin da aikin da ake buƙata don EVs ya ƙaru, ana sa ran cewa batura waɗanda ba sa buƙatar cobalt, irin su batura masu ƙarfi da batir lithium-sulfur, za su haɓaka a nan gaba, don haka sa'a ba ma tunanin cewa albarkatun za su ƙare. .Duk da haka, wannan yana nufin cewa buƙatar cobalt zai rushe wani wuri.
Juyin juya halin zai zo a cikin shekaru 5 zuwa 10 da farko, kuma manyan kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai ba sa son yin dogon lokaci a cikin cobalt.Koyaya, saboda muna ganin ƙarshe, muna son masu hakar ma'adinai na gida su bar wurin aiki mafi aminci fiye da kafin kumfa cobalt.
Sannan batirin motocin lantarki da ke kasuwa a halin yanzu suna bukatar sake yin amfani da su bayan sun kammala ayyukansu bayan shekaru 10 zuwa 20, wanda Sumitomo Metals da kuma tsohon babban jami’in fasaha na Tesla JB Strobel suka kafa Redwood.-Materials da sauransu sun riga sun kafa fasahar dawo da cobalt kuma za su sake amfani da su tare da sauran albarkatu.
Ko da idan bukatar wasu albarkatun ta karu na dan lokaci a cikin tsarin juyin halittar motocin lantarki, za mu fuskanci dorewa da hakkokin bil'adama na ma'aikata kamar cobalt, kuma ba za mu sayi fushin Kobolts ba a cikin kogo.Zan kawo karshen wannan labari da fatan zama al'umma.